Klausula Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian Kemitraan Platform Ojek Online: Perspektif Asas Itikad Baik dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen

Abstrak

Online ojek platforms impose partnership agreements as unilaterally drafted standard contracts, creating a significant bargaining power imbalance (schijnvrijheid). Field realities confirm the urgency: application fees of 30–50 percent exceeding the 20 percent regulatory cap under KM 1001/2022, unexplained account suspensions confirmed by state officials, and the March 2026 ojol crisis as a systemic consequence of unilateral tariff clauses. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study examines the validity of algorithmic suspension and unilateral tariff modification clauses through good faith (Article 1338 (3) Civil Code), proportionality, and the exemption clause prohibition (Article 18 Consumer Protection Law). Both clauses are declared void under Article 18(2).